Epigenetic Transfiguration of H3K4me2 to H3K4me3 During Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cell into Non-embryonic Cells
Smarajit Das,
Pijush Das,
Sanga Mitra,
Medhanjali Dasgupta,
Jayprokas Chakrabarti,
Eric Larsson
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
18-33
Received:
9 September 2015
Accepted:
8 October 2015
Published:
14 October 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.bs.20150103.11
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Abstract: Chromatin immune precipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (Chip-Seq), investigate the genome-wide distribution of all histone modifications. Lysine residues within histones di or tri-methylated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been studied earlier. Tri-methylation of Lys 4 of histone H3K4me3 correlates with transcriptional activity, but little is known about this methylation state in human. It was also previously proved that deposition of H3K4me2 modification at TSS is associated with gene repression in the yeast cell. Overlapping non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcript assumes a crucial role in this repression. Here, we examine the H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 methylation dynamics at the TSS region of human genes across the ENCODE (https://www. encode project. org/) Consortium 8 cell lines GM12878, H1-hESC, HeLa-S3, HepG2, HSMM, HUVEC, K562 and NHEK, we identified clear divergence of histone modification profiles in H1-hESC with respect to others. While, H3K4me2 modifications were found to be associated with the vast majority of genes in the H1-hESC with a significantly decreased amount in other differentiated cell lines, H3K4me3 modification showed completely reverse trends. By the process of differentiation, a distinct set of genes lose H3K4me2 in H1-hESCand gain H3K4me3 in differentiated cell, thereby, enhancing the expression level of the corresponding genes. On the level of gene ontology molecular function classification, these genes are mostly associated with protein binding, nucleotide binding, DNA binding and ATP binding. Other than that, signaling and receptor activity, metal ion binding and phosphorylation-dephosphorylating action can be correlated with these genes. We expect a crosstalk between the change of methylation status and gene functionality, as all these functions can be allied to transcriptional regulation and gene activation, which once again is linked to H3K4me3 mark.
Abstract: Chromatin immune precipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (Chip-Seq), investigate the genome-wide distribution of all histone modifications. Lysine residues within histones di or tri-methylated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been studied earlier. Tri-methylation of Lys 4 of histone H3K4me3 correlates with transcriptional activity, but...
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Recent Progresses of Long Noncoding RNA
Shen Tao,
Zhang Xiu-Lei,
Liang Xiao-Lin,
Min Sai-Nan,
Guo Yu-Zhu,
Wang Xiang-Ting
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
34-37
Received:
12 January 2016
Accepted:
20 January 2016
Published:
4 February 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.bs.20150103.12
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Abstract: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of regulatory RNA molecules that are no shorter than 200 nucleotides in length with rare protein encoding capacity. It is widely accepted nowadays that lncRNAs play important roles in tumorigenesis and related events. Recently, some comprehensive investigations and major advances of lncRNAs have also been made in other fields including cardiovascular and central nervous system. Here, we will overview the recent progress of lncRNAs, particularly in those fields other than cancer biology, from which big breakthroughs or milestone works have been made.
Abstract: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of regulatory RNA molecules that are no shorter than 200 nucleotides in length with rare protein encoding capacity. It is widely accepted nowadays that lncRNAs play important roles in tumorigenesis and related events. Recently, some comprehensive investigations and major advances of lncRNAs have also been m...
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