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Anemia Is Related to Iron Deficiency and Inflammation, But No to Global Overweight in Cuban Preschool Children
Gisela Maria Pita-Rodriguez,
Beatriz Basabe-Tuero,
Maria Elena Diaz-Sanchez,
Karen Alfonso-Sague,
Ana Maria Gomez-Alvarez,
Minerva Montero-Diaz,
Cristina Chavez-Chong,
Ernesto Rodriguez-Martinez,
Yoandy Diaz-Fuentes,
Elisa Llera-Abreu,
Santa Jimenez-Acosta
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
1-8
Received:
7 November 2022
Accepted:
9 December 2022
Published:
31 January 2023
Abstract: The main cause of anemia in the preschool population is dietary iron deficiency; however, there are other conditions that can lead to anemia such as diseases that produce chronic inflammation and obesity. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in children aged 6 to 59 months and the association with inflammation, global overweight and maternal educational level. A national sample of cross-sectional study design was carried out. Hemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptors, leukocytes, C-reactive protein, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein were assessed. Nutritional status was evaluated and level of mother education was collected by survey. A total of 1417 children were studied. Anemia prevalence was 22.5% and constitutes a moderate public health problem. Iron deficiency prevalence was 35.6% and erythropoietic dysfunction 13.3%; with elevated inflammation indicators 37.6% and leukocytosis 36.1%. Malnutrition occurred in 1.0% of the children, with a prevalence of overweight in 4.7% and obesity in 2.8%. Anemia was associated with iron storage deficiency OR=2.07 (1.45-2.97) and inflammation OR=2.01 (1.45-2.78). No associations were found between anemia OR=0.68 (95% CI= 0.35-1.32) and iron deficiency OR=0.96 (95% CI= 0.68-1.35) with global overweight. Global overweight does not explain the inflammation found OR=1.13 (95% CI= 0.54-2.37), neither by CRP OR=0.57 (0.24-1.37) or AGP OR=1.14 (0.54-2.42). Low education level of the mother was associated with anemia in the children (χ2 trend= 4.327 p=0.037), but not with iron deficiency (χ2 trend= 0.212 p=0.646). Anemia and iron deficiency in Cuban preschool children was a moderate public health problem associated with inflammation.
Abstract: The main cause of anemia in the preschool population is dietary iron deficiency; however, there are other conditions that can lead to anemia such as diseases that produce chronic inflammation and obesity. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in children aged 6 to 59 months and the association with inflammation,...
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Review of Vaginal Hydrocele Surgery in Lumbini Provincial Hospital over a Period of Five Years
Narad Prasad Thapaliya,
Akin Jung Rayamajhi
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
9-11
Received:
3 June 2022
Accepted:
31 January 2023
Published:
9 February 2023
Abstract: Vaginal hydrocele is one of the common reasons for surgical outpatient consultation. Surgery for vaginal hydrocele i.e. eversion of vaginal sac (EVS) is common elective intermediate operation mostly performed under local anesthesia. The aim of this study is to share vaginal hydrocele surgery in Lumbini Provincial Hospital (LPH), Butwal. This is a retrospective analysis of vaginal hydrocele surgery done over a period of five years (2012 to 2016) in LPH, Butwal was done after the approval from Hospital ethical committee. All required information was retrieved from the medical record section. Total 164 vaginal hydrocele surgery was done for different sizes during the study period. The number of cases increased in 2016 because of free hydrocele surgery programs conducted by government of Nepal was well informed to ordinary people. The age distribution of the operated patients was 15 years to 92 years and common in productive age (21-60 yrs) i.e. 78%. Most of the hydrocele surgeries were done under local anesthesia i.e, 129 (78%). Most common complications found post operatively were 2.5% haematoma, 7.5% surgical site infection (SSI), 10% scrotal oedema and 2% recurrence. In our study chylocele was found in 10 (6/9%) cases of hydrocele. No testicular malignancy and tuberculosis of epididymis found during study period. No fatality cases during our study period. Vaginal hydrocele surgery is one of the common intermediate and mostly day care elective surgery done under local anaesthesia with relatively satisfactory outcome in LPH, Butwal.
Abstract: Vaginal hydrocele is one of the common reasons for surgical outpatient consultation. Surgery for vaginal hydrocele i.e. eversion of vaginal sac (EVS) is common elective intermediate operation mostly performed under local anesthesia. The aim of this study is to share vaginal hydrocele surgery in Lumbini Provincial Hospital (LPH), Butwal. This is a r...
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Alterations in Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress Markers Following Heat Stress on Wistar Rats: Ameliorating Role of Vitamin C
Bruno Chukwuemeka Chinko,
Onyinye Ukamaka Umeh
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
12-17
Received:
6 February 2023
Accepted:
23 February 2023
Published:
9 March 2023
Abstract: Global warming and the increased frequency of heat waves have generated more interest in the effect of heat stress on human physiology. The present study evaluated the effect of 30 days of controlled heat exposure (38.1±1°C) on the lipid profile and oxidative stress markers of male Wistar rats. Twenty-five (25) male Wistar rats (3 - 4 months old, 200-250g) were used for the study and grouped into five (5) groups of five (5) rats per group. Group 1 served as the control, while groups 2 – 4 were allowed exposed to controlled heat for two (2), four (4) and eight (8) hours respectively while group 5 were allowed an 8-hour heat exposure plus oral administration of vitamin C. The result of the study indicates that heat stress caused a significant increase in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) among the heat-exposed group compared to the control (p<0.05) while the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GPH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) significantly reduced compared to the non-exposed control (P<0.05). The result also indicates that supplementation with vitamin C positively modulated the effects of heat stress on lipid profile and oxidative stress markers. The current evidence suggests that heat stress can cause an increase in oxidative stress leading to increased lipid peroxidation and cellular damage with a possible ameliorative role by vitamin C supplementation.
Abstract: Global warming and the increased frequency of heat waves have generated more interest in the effect of heat stress on human physiology. The present study evaluated the effect of 30 days of controlled heat exposure (38.1±1°C) on the lipid profile and oxidative stress markers of male Wistar rats. Twenty-five (25) male Wistar rats (3 - 4 months old, 2...
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Phytopharmaceutical Benefits of Resveratrol in the Management of Diseases and Health Maintenance: A Review
Kenneth Chinedu Ugoeze,
Inderbir Singh Bakshi,
Bruno Chukwuemeka Chinko,
Kennedy Emeka Oluigbo,
Ngozi Augustine Okoronkwo,
Christian Arerusuoghene Alalor
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
18-29
Received:
11 February 2023
Accepted:
27 February 2023
Published:
9 March 2023
Abstract: In the last few decades, natural products have enjoyed an extensive range of acceptability for the prevention, treatment and management of various health conditions. Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a common phytoalexin found in grapes, peanuts, cocoa, and berries of Vaccinium species, together with blueberries, bilberries, and cranberries. Research interest in resveratrol has been increasing due to growing evidence of its many health benefits. This review is aimed at highlighting the various benefits of resveratrol in health and diseases. The present study reviewed published advances in the health-promoting benefits of resveratrol in human clinical trials as well as in animal experimental models with a focus on postulated molecular mechanisms of action. We discussed the sources, biochemistry, bioavailability and biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-platelet, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory and cardio-protective, anti-obesity and neuroprotective effects. The study observed that these varieties of biotic influences are initiated by multiple molecular targets and pathways involving cyclooxygenases/lipooxygenases, kinases, sirtuins, transcription factors, cytokines, DNA polymerase, adenylyl cyclase, ribonucleotide reductase and aromatase and thus, enhancing their potential to influence many physiological processes. The study concludes that resveratrol has demonstrated a potent effect against several disease conditions, however, its low bioavailability greatly limits its applications. This review recommends further research direction in the development of health maintenance and therapeutic agents from resveratrol.
Abstract: In the last few decades, natural products have enjoyed an extensive range of acceptability for the prevention, treatment and management of various health conditions. Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a common phytoalexin found in grapes, peanuts, cocoa, and berries of Vaccinium species, together with blueberries, bilberries, and cra...
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Hepatitis B Virus A1762T/G1764A Mutation Has a Minor Effect on the Viral Spliced DNA Expression
Zongxin Li,
Yihan Xiao,
Yuanhai Zhou,
Ting Tang,
Pin Yang,
Long Sun,
Xiuji Cui
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
30-34
Received:
6 March 2023
Accepted:
24 March 2023
Published:
31 March 2023
Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of chronic hepatitis B, which can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. During HBV replication, splicing of viral RNA frequently occurs, and the spliced RNA or DNA has been reported to be related to the development of liver disease. HBV transcription is mainly regulated by core promoter ranging from nucleotide 1613 to 1849 and the A1762T/G1764A mutation, which can increase the viral transcription, is frequently detected in this region. Objective: The study aimed to analyze the effect of the A1762T/G1764A mutation in the core promoter of HBV on viral RNA splicing. Methods: The wild type (WT) and the A1762T/G1764A mutant HBV genome were cloned into the pCDNA3.1 vector, which was then transiently transfected into HepG2 cells. The intracellular HBV DNA and core protein were determined by the Southern blot and the Western blot, respectively. The relative level of HBSD was examined by quantitative PCR using TB green reagent. Results: the A1762T/G1764A mutation could enhance the ability of viral replication, however, had a minor effect on HBSD expression. Conclusion: The double mutation in CP could regulate the viral transcription, but was not involved in the viral RNA splicing.
Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of chronic hepatitis B, which can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. During HBV replication, splicing of viral RNA frequently occurs, and the spliced RNA or DNA has been reported to be related to the development of liver disease. HBV transcription is mainly regulated by core ...
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